Java 8 Update 321 (64-bit) - The Ultimate Java Platform for Your Development and Runtime Needs
Introduction
Java is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages in the world. It is used to create applications for various platforms, such as desktop, web, mobile, cloud, and embedded devices. Java is also known for its portability, security, reliability, and compatibility.
Java 8 is the latest version of Java, released in March 2014. It introduces many new features and enhancements that make Java more powerful, expressive, and efficient. Some of the major features of Java 8 are lambda expressions, method references, default methods, stream API, optional class, date/time API, and Nashorn JavaScript engine.
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If you want to take advantage of these features and benefits, you need to download and install Java 8 on your system. You can do this by following these simple steps:
Go to the page.
Select the appropriate version for your system (Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, or Solaris).
Click on the download link for the JDK (Java Development Kit), which includes the JRE (Java Runtime Environment) and other tools.
Accept the license agreement and save the installer file to your computer.
Run the installer file and follow the instructions on the screen.
Verify that Java 8 is installed by opening a command prompt or terminal window and typing java -version. You should see something like this:
C:\Users\user>java -version java version "1.8.0_321" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_321-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.321-b07, mixed mode)
Congratulations! You have successfully installed Java 8 on your system.
Features of Java 8
Java 8 introduces many new features that make Java more expressive, concise, functional, and parallel. Here are some of the most important ones:
Lambda Expressions and Functional Interfaces
Lambda expressions are a new way of writing anonymous functions in Java. They allow you to pass a block of code as an argument to another method or function. They are useful for implementing functional programming concepts such as map, filter, reduce, etc.
Lambda expressions have a simple syntax: (parameters) -> expression or (parameters) -> statements; . For example:
// A lambda expression that takes two integers and returns their sum (a, b) -> a + b // A lambda expression that prints "Hello World" to the console () -> System.out.println("Hello World")
Lambda expressions can be assigned to variables or passed as arguments to methods that accept functional interfaces. A functional interface is an interface that has only one abstract method. For example:
// A functional interface that represents a binary operation interface Operation int apply(int a, int b); // A variable that holds a lambda expression Operation add = (a, b) -> a + b; // A method that takes a functional interface as an argument int calculate(Operation op, int a, int b) return op.apply(a, b); // A call to the method with a lambda expression int result = calculate((a, b) -> a * b , 10, 20); // result = 200
Lambda expressions and functional interfaces make Java more concise and expressive, as well as enable functional programming paradigms.
Method References and Default Methods
Method references are another new feature of Java 8 that allow you to refer to an existing method by its name. They are useful for simplifying lambda expressions that only invoke a single method. They have the syntax: ClassName::methodName or objectName::methodName. For example:
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// A lambda expression that calls the println method of System.out (s) -> System.out.println(s) // A method reference that does the same thing System.out::println
Method references can be used with functional interfaces, streams, and other methods that accept lambda expressions. For example:
// A list of strings List names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"); // A lambda expression that prints each name in the list names.forEach((s) -> System.out.println(s)); // A method reference that does the same thing names.forEach(System.out::println);
Default methods are another new feature of Java 8 that allow you to add new methods to an interface without breaking the existing implementations of that interface. They have the keyword default before the method signature and provide a default implementation for the method. For example:
// An interface that represents a shape interface Shape // An abstract method that returns the area of the shape double getArea(); // A default method that returns the perimeter of the shape default double getPerimeter() return 0.0; // A dummy implementation // A class that implements the interface class Circle implements Shape private double radius; public Circle(double radius) this.radius = radius; // An implementation of the abstract method public double getArea() return Math.PI * radius * radius; // An override of the default method public double getPerimeter() return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
Default methods and method references make Java more flexible and modular, as well as enable multiple inheritance and behavior parameterization.
Stream API and Optional Class
Stream API is a new feature of Java 8 that provides a way of processing collections of data in a declarative and functional way. It allows you to create a stream of elements from a source, such as a collection, an array, or a generator function, and then apply various operations on the stream, such as filter, map, reduce, sort, etc. The operations can be either intermediate, which return another stream, or terminal, which produce a result or a side effect.
Stream API supports both sequential and parallel processing, which means you can take advantage of multicore processors and improve the performance and scalability of your applications. Stream API also supports lazy evaluation, which means the operations are only executed when needed.
Optional class is another new feature of Java 8 that provides a way of handling null values in a safe and elegant way. It is a container class that wraps an optional value, which may or may not be present. It provides methods to check if the value is present, to get the value if present, or to provide a default value or an alternative action if not present.
Optional class helps you avoid null pointer exceptions, which are one of the most common sou